A growing economy, pent-up demand, competitive mortgage rates and affordable home prices will keep housing on an upward trajectory through 2015. However, several obstacles including tight consumer credit, shortages of lots and labor and rising materials prices are hindering a more robust recovery, according to economists who participated in the National Association of Home Builders (NAHB) Spring Construction Forecast Webinar.

"Housing needs an improved economy," said David Crowe, NAHB chief economist, adding that the economy is expected to respond as payroll employment continues to grow and the unemployment rate slowly recedes from 6.7% in the first quarter of this year to 6.2% by the fourth quarter of 2015.

Consumer confidence is back to pre-recession levels and the purchase of motor vehicles and home furnishings are on the rise, indicating that consumers are increasingly willing to buy big ticket items such as houses.

Reflecting an increase in credit demand and economic growth, mortgage interest rates are projected to rise to 5% by the end of 2014 and 6% by the end of next year. Noting that these rates are still low by historical standards, Crowe said this would "not be a significant deterrent to expansion in the housing market."

With new-home sales averaging just 8.8% of total home sales, barely half the historical average of 16.1%, Crowe observed that "this is another reason to believe that the new-home market will have to make up existing ground."

However, he cautioned that builders continue to face a number of headwinds.

"Supply constraints related to lots and labor and rising lumber, gypsum and OSB (oriented strand board) prices are hurting the ability of builders to meet demand," he said. "Moreover, creditworthy borrowers, particularly younger families and first-time home buyers, are having difficulties in getting home loans."

Remodeling, Sales and Starts on the Rise

The NAHB Remodeling Index, which averages ratings of current remodeling activity with indicators of future activity, stands at 53 in the first quarter of 2014 and has been above 50 for six of the past seven quarters. A reading above 50 indicates that more remodelers report market activity is higher (compared to the prior quarter) than report it is lower.

NAHB is forecasting that residential remodeling will post a 3.8% increase in 2014 over last year and rise an additional 2.4% in 2015.

New-home sales are expected to climb 29% from 431,000 in 2013 to 557,000 this year.

Single-family housing production is projected to increase 22% from 621,000 last year to 760,000 in 2014 and surge an additional 55% to 1.18 million units in 2015. 

On the multifamily side, production is expected to rise 8% from 308,000 in 2013 to 331,000 this year, reaching what is considered a normal level of production.

Banks Awash in Cash

Agreeing that the economy is on an upward trajectory, Maury Harris, managing director and chief U.S. economist at UBS, said that financial lending institutions are sitting on a mountain of cash.

"Banks have over $2 trillion of excess reserves. That's with a 't,'" H arrissaid. "Banks would like to put that money to work and increase lending, which will help the economy."

In the aftermath of the Great Recession, Harris said that normal household formations have fallen short by about 2.5 million as graduating college students were forced to move back in with their parents and young adults were doubling up in apartments.

"As unemployment comes down and credit availability eases, Millennials (the 25-34 age group) will feel better about their economic circumstances," said Harris. "I think we will see the shared household rate come down, less doubling up and a pickup in household formations."

Harris is forecasting 1.15 million housing starts this year (700,000 single-family and 450,000 multifamily) and 1.35 million next year (900,000 single-family and 450,000 multifamily).

A Gradual Climb to Normal

Looking at the state statistics behind the national numbers, Robert Denk, NAHB's assistant vice president for forecasting and analysis, cited a range of differences among the states in the amount of distress suffered during the recession and the progress that is being made in recovering.

Housing production nationwide bottomed out at an average of 27% in early 2009 and reached 45% in the first quarter of 2014.

In the worst hit states, housing fell to 10% to 15% of normal production while production only fell by half in other states with a better underlying economy.

"The hardest hit states were the bubble states--Arizona, Florida, California and Nevada--along with the industrial Midwest, which struggles with challenges in the auto industry and a declining manufacturing sector," said Denk.

Where individual states stand now has a lot to do with how far they fell when the Great Recession hit, Denk added.

Fueled by a booming energy sector that is producing solid job and economic growth, Texas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, Wyoming, North Dakota and Montana are at the forefront of the housing recovery, with North Dakota now the first state to surpass its normal level of housing production.

On a national basis, single-family housing starts are projected to get back to 70% of normal production by the end of this year and 93% of normal by the end of 2015, Denk said. 

In another way of looking at the long road back to normal, by the end of 2015 the top 40% of states will be back to normal production levels, compared to the bottom 20%, which will still be below 80%.