• Sign In
  • Create Account
  • Sign Out
  • My Account
  • NEWS
  • PRODUCTS
  • A&D
  • INSTALLATION
  • MARKETS
  • AWARDS
  • EDUCATION
  • BUYER'S GUIDE
  • MEDIA
  • EMAGAZINE
  • SIGN UP
cart
facebook twitter linkedin youtube
  • NEWS
  • Breaking Flooring News
  • eNewsletters
  • PRODUCTS
  • Carpet & Area Rugs
  • Hardwood
  • Installation Products
  • Installation Tools & Equipment
  • Laminate
  • Resilient
  • Specialty
  • Tile & Stone
  • MARKETS
  • Commercial
  • Residential
  • AWARDS
  • Installation Awards
  • Top Flooring Products
  • EDUCATION
  • Continuing Education
  • Webinars
  • MEDIA
  • FLOOR Podcast
  • Videos
  • TISE 2025 Videos
  • Product Spotlights
  • eBooks
  • EMAGAZINE
  • eMagazine
  • Archive Issues
  • Contact
  • Advertise
search
cart
facebook twitter linkedin youtube
  • Sign In
  • Create Account
  • Sign Out
  • My Account
  • NEWS
    • Breaking Flooring News
    • eNewsletters
  • PRODUCTS
    • Carpet & Area Rugs
    • Hardwood
    • Installation Products
    • Installation Tools & Equipment
    • Laminate
    • Resilient
    • Specialty
    • Tile & Stone
  • A&D
  • INSTALLATION
  • MARKETS
    • Commercial
    • Residential
  • AWARDS
    • Installation Awards
    • Top Flooring Products
  • EDUCATION
    • Continuing Education
    • Webinars
  • BUYER'S GUIDE
  • MEDIA
    • FLOOR Podcast
    • Videos
    • TISE 2025 Videos
    • Product Spotlights
    • eBooks
  • EMAGAZINE
    • eMagazine
    • Archive Issues
    • Contact
    • Advertise
  • SIGN UP
Flooring InstallationTile & Stone Flooring

Overcoming Challenges When Installing Tile & Stone in Showers

By Mike Micalizzi
shower installation
For a successful shower installation every time, there are several key steps to follow.
waterproofing options
Chart 1
TCNA Detail B421
In TCNA Detail B421, the mortar bed is placed on the substrate with a radius around the drain left open in order to tie the waterproofing membrane into the drain collar. When the mortar bed dries, the waterproofing membrane is applied over it and the radius is filled in. In both cases, pea gravel is placed around the drain collar in order to allow water to flow through weep holes.
grout and sealant options
Chart 2
Mike Micalizzi
Mike Micalizzi, senior director of technical services, Custom Building Products.
shower installation
waterproofing options
TCNA Detail B421
grout and sealant options
Mike Micalizzi
July 13, 2018

There are a lot of steps involved to properly installing tile in a shower. This is especially true today, when a mixture of tiles including natural stone, glass, mosaics, pebble tiles and large-format porcelain are commonly used together in the same space. Of course, showers must also be waterproofed to protect the building and its occupants. In addition, ceramic tile and stone contractors are constantly pressured to meet tight schedules—while at the same time delivering a fabulous-looking result.

What is the best way to overcome these challenges for a successful shower installation every time?

There are several key installation steps:

  1. Select a method for forming the shower pan floor. Take into consideration the finished tile elevations at the walls and drain, then create a proper pitch ≥1/4” per foot at the tile surface as well as under the waterproofing membrane.
  2. Create an absolutely watertight shower pan and ensure that all walls, benches and niches are waterproofed to protect adjoining areas.
  3. Bond the tile or stone with ≥95% mortar coverage without excessive lippage.
  4. Grout properly and install a flexible sealant in movement joints.

For the traditional shower pan method using a mortar bed and waterproofing membrane, there are multiple methods accepted by the Tile Council of North America (TCNA). In TCNA Detail B415, a pre-slope of mortar is placed first to create a pitch for the waterproofing membrane or liner. When this mortar dries, the membrane is applied to the pre-slope. Afterwards, the mortar bed is placed and allowed to dry. 

In TCNA Detail B421 (see image), the mortar bed is placed on the substrate with a radius around the drain left open in order to tie the waterproofing membrane into the drain collar. When the mortar bed dries, the waterproofing membrane is applied over it and the radius is filled in. In both cases, pea gravel is placed around the drain collar in order to allow water to flow through weep holes. 

Based on temperature, humidity and cure rate of the product used, the mortar bed may have to cure for 72 hours prior to installation of the waterproofing membrane. After the membrane is applied, another 24 hours may be required prior to flood testing. Check with the installation material manufacturers for rapid-setting/curing mortars and waterproofing to accelerate the installation schedule. 

Once the waterproofing is ready, install the tile or stone with the correct mortar. Technology has really advanced with options for high performance bond strength and deformability that is required for glass and porcelain tiles (ANSI A118.15 Improved Modified Dry-Set Cement Mortar). Many of these mortars are thixotropic and can hold very heavy tiles >10lbs/SF firmly in place without sagging on walls and ceilings. 

Natural stone tiles should always be set with white mortar to help prevent darkening. Before choosing a natural stone for a shower, confirm with the supplier that it is suitable for a wet area. Some stones have minerals that could permanently discolor or emit a rust effect. Natural stone suppliers may recommend six-sided application of a penetrating sealer to mitigate these issues. Porous stones such as limestone may take a very long time to dispel moisture from the mortar, so rapid-setting mortars are recommended. When stone is set on a shower floor, pay particular attention to how gravel is placed at the weep holes around the drain, otherwise prolonged moisture and soap scum can cause degradation or discoloration. (See details above.)  

To achieve required mortar coverage of 95% in wet areas, using proper trowel sizes, directional combing and back-buttering of large format tile and stone are essential steps. For valuable insight on these methods watch the YouTube video from the National Tile Contractors Association (NTCA).

Completely fill joints with a suitable grout for the tile and conditions and install sealant in movement joints in changes of plane and where required. Grout types and methods of installation are defined by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI). Product characteristics and minimum performance levels are listed in the A118 section; methods of installation in A108. The grout joint is to be finished consistently, packing the grout firmly and to a maximum fill as much as is reasonably possible. This locks the tile in place and helps shed surface water to the drain. Cement-based grouts can be sealed to improve stain resistance. Sealant or caulk is to be placed at all changes of plane instead of grout. The joint below must also be free of mortar in order for the assembly to expand and contract due to expansion from heat and moisture. 

 Although there are many choices and challenges in shower applications, professional tile installers—especially those with industry recognized training—are up to the task. Training organizations for tile & stone installations include the National Tile Contractors Association 5-Star Members, Tile Contractors Association of America Trowel of Excellence Member, International Masonry Institutes Foreman Certification, and firms that employs Ceramic Tile Education Foundation Certified Installers or recognized by the U.S. Department of Labor as Journeyman Tile Layers.

Installation material manufacturers supply compatible products for the entire system, and when single-sourced, may provide up to a lifetime system warranty. Using integrated systems, including the mortar bed, waterproofing, thin-set mortar and grout, can create a long-lasting installation and meet project schedules. Happy tiling!

KEYWORDS: ceramic tile porcelain tile shower installation & accessories

Share This Story

Looking for a reprint of this article?
From high-res PDFs to custom plaques, order your copy today!

Mike micalizzi

Mike Micalizzi is the senior director of technical services for Custom Building Products. He is based at their research and training facility, Custom Technical University, located in Santa Fe Springs, CA. In this role, Micalizzi assists industry professionals with recommendations on commercial projects presenting a variety of installation challenges. He also presents the “Top 5 Tips” educational video series for tile contractors and design professionals.

Prior to becoming involved in product technology, Micalizzi owned a tile and stone installation company in New Haven, CT. He currently serves on technical committees for the Tile Council of North America (TCNA), Materials & Methods Standards Association (MMSA), National Tile Contractors Association (NTCA), Natural Stone Institute (NSI), American National Standards Institute (ANSI) and ASTM International.

Recommended Content

JOIN TODAY
To unlock your recommendations.

Already have an account? Sign In

  • resilient flooring

    The 7 Types of Resilient Flooring

    The resilient flooring category is comprised of many...
    Resilient Flooring
    By: Resilient Floorcovering Institute
  • QuickDrain USA’s ShowerLine linear drain

    Tips for Curbless Shower Installation Using a Linear Drain

    Consider these four tips when planning for a curbless...
    Flooring Installation
    By: Darryl Jones
  • 2024 New Flooring Product Guide

    2024 New Flooring Products Guide

    We explore this year's introductions in area rugs,...
    Commercial Flooring
    By: FLOOR Trends & Installation Editors
You must login or register in order to post a comment.

Report Abusive Comment

Subscribe For Free!
  • eMagazine
  • eNewsletter
  • Online Registration
  • Manage My Preferences
  • Subscription Customer Service

What Shaw Flooring Network Dealers are Banking on for 2025

What Shaw Flooring Network Dealers are Banking on for 2025

Retailers Share Top Takeaways from Shaw Flooring Network Convention

Retailers Share Top Takeaways from Shaw Flooring Network Convention

Shaw Flooring Network Retailers Report Post-Election Sales Surge

Shaw Flooring Network Retailers Report Post-Election Sales Surge

Takeaways from the 2024 AHSG Convention & Member Outlook for 2025

Takeaways from the 2024 AHSG Convention & Member Outlook for 2025

More Videos

Popular Stories

Ken Ballin manning the Tools 4 Flooring booth in Tool Alley at TISE 2025

10 Tool Innovations Every Flooring Contractor Should Have on Their Wish List

RevWood American Originals.jpg

How Mohawk's Domestic Manufacturing Powers Growth in Challenging Times

Paul Hambidge

The Waterproof Laminate Myth: Why Consumer Expectations May Never Be Met

Installation Awards - Vote Now!

Events

June 9, 2025

NeoCon 2025

A trade show for the commercial interior design industry.

December 1, 2030

Webinar Sponsorship Information

For webinar sponsorship information, visit www.bnpevents.com/webinars or email webinars@bnpmedia.com.

View All Submit An Event

Poll

Flooring Groups

Flooring retailers, do you belong to a buying, marketing or franchise group?
View Results Poll Archive

Products

2025 BNI Interiors Square Foot Costbook

2025 BNI Interiors Square Foot Costbook

See More Products

FLOORtalk podcasts - Listen Now

Related Articles

  • ICRI Concrete Surface Profile

    Technical Focus: Do you know the MVER of that substrate?

    See More
  • water damage in wall board

    CTEF Tile Tip: Just a Little More Tile When Installing in Wet Areas

    See More
  • installing tile in bathroom

    Avoid the 'Just Get it Done' Trap When Installing Tile

    See More

Related Products

See More Products
  • DSDM-8-MIA_BSI-newest-cover.jpg

    Dimension Stone Design Manual, 8.0 with AutoCAD (3-Ring Binder & AutoCAD flash drive)

  • M:\General Shared\__AEC Store Katie Z\AEC Store\Images\Flooring images\new FL site\Glass_Tile_Inspirations.gif

    Glass Tile Inspirations for Kitchens And Baths

  • thetilebook.jpeg

    The Tile Book: HISTORY, PATTERN, DESIGN

See More Products
×
For a successful shower installation every time, there are several key steps to follow.
Chart 1
In TCNA Detail B421, the mortar bed is placed on the substrate with a radius around the drain left open in order to tie the waterproofing membrane into the drain collar. When the mortar bed dries, the waterproofing membrane is applied over it and the radius is filled in. In both cases, pea gravel is placed around the drain collar in order to allow water to flow through weep holes.
Chart 2
Mike Micalizzi, senior director of technical services, Custom Building Products.

We’re rolling out the red carpet of flooring knowledge!

Stay in the know on the latest flooring retail trends.

JOIN TODAY!
  • RESOURCES
    • Advertise
    • Contact Us
    • Directories
    • Store
    • Want More
  • SIGN UP TODAY
    • Create Account
    • eMagazine
    • eNewsletters
    • Customer Service
    • Manage Preferences
  • SERVICES
    • Marketing Services
    • Reprints
    • Market Research
    • List Rental
    • Survey/Respondent Access
  • STAY CONNECTED
    • LinkedIn
    • Facebook
    • Instagram
    • YouTube
    • X (Twitter)
  • PRIVACY
    • PRIVACY POLICY
    • TERMS & CONDITIONS
    • DO NOT SELL MY PERSONAL INFORMATION
    • PRIVACY REQUEST
    • ACCESSIBILITY

Copyright ©2025. All Rights Reserved BNP Media.

Design, CMS, Hosting & Web Development :: ePublishing

search
cart
facebook twitter linkedin youtube
  • Sign In
  • Create Account
  • Sign Out
  • My Account
  • NEWS
    • Breaking Flooring News
    • eNewsletters
  • PRODUCTS
    • Carpet & Area Rugs
    • Hardwood
    • Installation Products
    • Installation Tools & Equipment
    • Laminate
    • Resilient
    • Specialty
    • Tile & Stone
  • A&D
  • INSTALLATION
  • MARKETS
    • Commercial
    • Residential
  • AWARDS
    • Installation Awards
    • Top Flooring Products
  • EDUCATION
    • Continuing Education
    • Webinars
  • BUYER'S GUIDE
  • MEDIA
    • FLOOR Podcast
    • Videos
    • TISE 2025 Videos
    • Product Spotlights
    • eBooks
  • EMAGAZINE
    • eMagazine
    • Archive Issues
    • Contact
    • Advertise
  • SIGN UP